Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Vital & Simpler Than You Think

Everyone’s looking for the diet that will boost health, appearance, energy, longevity, and more. But we’re here to tell you, there is no single magic bullet. In fact, many different diets—from vegan to paleo to the Mediterranean diet—can be truly healthy and nourishing if done intelligently. Figuring out exactly how to formulate them, however, is always tricky. That’s why it can be helpful to look at things through an anti-inflammatory lens.

According to Dr. Bill Rawls, Medical Director of Vital Plan, an anti-inflammatory diet isn’t a specific diet with hard and fast rules or rigid yes/no food lists, but rather, it’s a general framework that allows you to make great food choices while being adaptable to your flavor preferences and needs. When it’s used as such, an anti-inflammatory diet is an extremely valuable way to enhance short- and long-term health in a way that fad diets just can’t.

Below, we’ll break down:

• Why chronic inflammation is so bad for you in the first place
• Simple ways to make your diet more anti-inflammatory
• Supplements that support an anti-inflammatory diet
• Immediate and long-term benefits of an anti-inflammatory diet
• Delicious anti-inflammatory recipes

What’s the problem with inflammation, anyway?

Before we can dive into the perks of an anti-inflammatory diet or how to construct one, it’s important to understand what inflammation is and why it can be so bad.

Inflammation is an immune response triggered to protect the body from an infection, injury, or irritation and to help repair tissues after damage has been done. The process is activated with pro-inflammatory compounds and is turned off by anti-inflammatory compounds.

“One of the biggest causes of inflammation is increased turnover of cells in the body. When your cells are stressed—whether it’s by poor nutrition, toxic substances, lots of emotional stress, exposure to microbes, etc.—they die off faster, and you have increased turnover of cells,” says Dr. Rawls.

So what’s the downside of this? “When cells die off, this creates debris and congestion in tissues that limit the flow of oxygen and nutrients to healthy cells. This prompts white blood cells to move into the area and use potent acids and free radicals to break down and engulf the debris,” says Dr. Rawls. This clean-up process comes with a tradeoff, though.

According to Dr. Rawls, both acid and free radicals are electron-deficient, and they do damage by pulling electrons off of other molecules and destabilizing them. So overall, this stew of debris, white blood cells, acid, and free radicals can cause significant damage to healthy cells.

There are also types of inflammation that are more problematic than others:

• Localized inflammation (like, say, when you sprain your ankle) is confined to a small or localized area.
• Systemic inflammation, on the other hand, is inflammation that affects the entire body due to a system-wide trauma or irritant such as an overactive immune response from some autoimmune diseases, or from years of unhealthy lifestyle habits.
• Acute inflammation, which is often a characteristic of localized inflammation, persists for a few hours or days and then resolves.
• Chronic inflammation is inflammation that lasts weeks, months, or even years.

Chronic, systemic inflammation, which can result from a poor diet and unhealthy lifestyle, is perhaps the worst combination of all. Basically, it means that the inflammatory process outlined above is happening throughout the body over an extended period of time—and it’s a driving force of nearly all chronic illnesses, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, and even depression.

What does an anti-inflammatory diet look like?

In the broadest sense, an anti-inflammatory diet involves eating more foods that alleviate inflammation and fewer foods that exacerbate it. Often, this looks like an eating pattern rich in whole and minimally processed foods such as processed foods.

On the other hand, many foods abundant in American diets can trigger or worsen inflammation. Here are some foods and beverages you’ll want to eat sparingly on an anti-inflammatory diet:

• Refined carbohydrates, including bread, sugary cereals, pastries, pasta, and crackers
• Unhealthy fats, including vegetable oil, corn oil, and soybean oil
• Processed meats, including hot dogs, sausages, salami, and pepperoni
• Fried foods, including french fries
• High-sugar beverages, including soda, sweetened teas, and even some juices

Just keep in mind, there are no rigid rules or food lists—rather, general guidelines. Instead of memorizing the lists above, you may find it easier to commit to Dr. Rawls’ key take-home tips for making nearly any diet more anti-inflammatory:

1. Eat more vegetables (+ some key fruits)

Because chronic inflammation is an electron-deficient state, eating vegetables can be incredibly beneficial. In fact, Dr. Rawls says that eating more veggies than anything else in your diet is the most important thing you can do to curb inflammation. “The phytochemicals within vegetables are antioxidants, so they’re contributing electrons that decrease the electron-deficient state caused by free radicals and acid,” explains Dr. Rawls.

To ramp up the anti-inflammatory potential of your plate, consider swapping your typical grain-based side dish for an additional serving of veggies. Roasting vegetables like sweet potatoes, carrots, beets, cauliflower, and broccoli can be particularly satisfying and offer a different flavor and texture than leafy greens and other raw veggies. Don’t forget to drizzle them with a healthy form of fat like EVOO, too—fat has been shown to boost the absorption of certain fat-soluble antioxidant compounds like carotenoids.

What about fruit, though? Certain fruits can be great. In particular, deeply hued berries such as raspberries, blueberries, blackberries, and strawberries are potent sources of antioxidants called anthocyanins while being relatively low in pro-inflammatory sugar. Just be careful not to consume fruit at the expense of consuming veggies, advises Dr. Rawls, since fruit generally tends to be higher in sugar and lower in phytochemicals and fiber.

2. Primarily consume whole foods

By focusing on whole foods, you’re automatically cutting out a major contributor to inflammation: processed foods, particularly those made with refined flours such as breads, crackers, cereals, bagels, and pasta. These foods are essentially void of antioxidants and have been stripped of their blood sugar-stabilizing fiber. And plenty of studies have shown how refined carbohydrates are associated with increased inflammation, including inflammation in the gut microbiome.

Additionally, many processed foods—especially crunchy, salty, snack foods—are made with low-quality oils that are abundant in omega-6 fats. Even though they are considered essential, omega-6 fats can promote inflammation if consumed in excess, particularly if you’re not getting enough omega-3 fatty acids from sources such as fatty fish. (We dive deeper into this in the next section).

Whenever you have the option, opt for the whole food or less processed alternative.

Here are some specific ideas for smart anti-inflammatory swaps:

• Instead of refined flour-based foods, opt for whole grains such as brown rice, barley, quinoa, amaranth, or rolled oats.
• Instead of highly processed oils such as vegetable oil, soybean oil, and corn oil, opt for oils that require very little processing and contain healthy antioxidants such as extra virgin olive oil and avocado oil.
• Instead of candies, desserts, sodas, or juices, get your sweet fix from whole fruits or a fruit and veggie-based smoothie.
• Instead of salty, crunchy snacks like chips, cheese puffs, or crackers, opt for roasted salted nuts or sliced veggies and hummus.

3. Prioritizes fatty fish over meat

Eating a meat-heavy diet tends to generate a significant amount of acid in the body, plus meats are often high in pro-inflammatory omega-6 fats—so they can further aggravate an inflamed situation, says Dr. Rawls. Fatty fish like salmon, anchovies, sardines, and mackerel, on the other hand, are abundant in anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acids, which many Americans are lacking.

Why do omegas matter so much? According to Dr. Rawls, omega fatty acids are used to create chemicals called prostaglandins, which help balance immune system functions. Omega-6s push us to produce pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, while omega-3s produce anti-inflammatory prostaglandins. We need both of these fats for optimal health—the problem is that many Americans are consuming way too many omega-6s and not nearly enough omega-3s, which creates an imbalance that can push someone into an inflammatory state. This, in turn, can contribute to a variety of health problems such as cardiovascular disease.

If you look at the Japanese population, which tends to consume a lot of fish and has low rates of cardiovascular disease, their ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fats is about 4:1. For Americans, on the other hand, it’s about 30:1, says Dr. Rawls. No wonder our rates of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases are on the rise!

You don’t have to give up meat altogether, but it should not be a predominant part of your diet. And when you do get a hankering for steak, consider opting for a high-quality grass-fed, grass-finished cut, which will have a somewhat healthier composition of fats.

Supplements that complement an anti-inflammatory diet

Supplements alone won’t magically curb chronic inflammation, but they can lend additional support when incorporated into an overall anti-inflammatory diet. The good news: You don’t have to load up on a dozen pills and powders to make an impact. Here are Dr. Rawls’ top three:

Krill oil: Because it can be hard to achieve an ideal omega-6:omega-3 ratio, Dr. Rawls recommends giving yourself a boost in the form of an omega-3-rich krill oil supplement. Krill oil works more efficiently than fish oil because its fats are present as readily-absorbable phospholipids. Krill oil also packs about 48 times the antioxidant power of fish oil because it contains the potent antioxidant astaxanthin, which has been associated with improved heart health, liver health, pain reduction, and more.

Turmeric: This yellow-hued spice can be incorporated into your meals or taken in capsule form (or both!). “In India, they have some of the lowest rates of Alzheimer’s and cancer in the world despite having a lot of overcrowding and pollution, and it’s thought to be the fact that they consume about 1 gram of turmeric every day in their diet,” says Dr. Rawls. Consider combining turmeric, ginger, and other anti-inflammatory spices in this delicious, traditional golden milk recipe.

Daily herbs: All herbs are potent antioxidants that neutralize inflammation. You can incorporate culinary herbs into your diet, but getting a daily dose of medicinal herbs such as rhodiola and reishi (like you’d find in a daily herbal supplement) can give you an added edge. According to Dr. Rawls, when we consume phytochemical-rich herbs, we’re basically absorbing the plant’s defense systems, which in turn supports our own defense systems, including a healthy inflammatory response.

Immediate & long-term health benefits of an anti-inflammatory diet

Just about everyone can benefit from a more anti-inflammatory eating pattern, says Dr. Rawls. You don’t have to wait months or years to notice the perks either. Some of the main benefits people notice within just days and weeks of adopting an anti-inflammatory diet include more energy and fewer gastrointestinal problems like constipation, diarrhea, bloating, and heartburn. Some people may even notice a reduction in seasonal allergies over the short and long term.“They’re small improvements at first, but as you continue to feed your cells better, they will function better, and you will ultimately feel better,” says Dr. Rawls.

Over time, the benefits will become even more robust, and people can start to get significant pain relief from conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis—” particularly if you’re supplementing your diet with herbs and krill oil,” he says.

Of course, sometimes you may not physically feel all the benefits of an anti-inflammatory diet, but they’re still there. Research suggests that anti-inflammatory diets rich in vegetables and other nutrient-dense whole foods are associated with improved heart health, reduced depression symptoms, improved quality of life for people with multiple sclerosis, reduced risk of death among breast cancer survivors, reduced risk of lung and gastric cancer in men, improved cognitive health, and more.

10+ anti-inflammatory recipes to try today

We’ve given you the tools to make more anti-inflammatory dietary choices on a daily basis, but if you’re struggling in the creativity department and need a dose of culinary inspiration, check out the following simple, nutrient-dense recipes loaded with veggies, herbs, and other inflammation-fighting whole foods:

• Maple mustard rosemary salmon
• Easy shrimp and avocado salad
• Pineapple kale smoothie
• Pear and avocado salad
• Arugula salad with lemon balsamic dressing
• Creamy asparagus soup
• Roasted winter squash soup
• Superfood breakfast bars
• Anti-inflammatory blueberry smoothie
• Chicken lettuce wraps
• Golden milk